Actinomycosis disease
It is an infection caused by Actinomyces spp, a gram-positive bacterial anaerobic bacteria. These bacteria usually have the mouth area, gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and human reproductive.
This disease is characterized by swelling of the infected area, accompanied by the discharge of pus. This infection is classified as a rare occurrence and usually only local.
Causes of Actinomycosis
There are more than 30 types of Actinomyces bacteria. Among these species, Actinomyces Israeli is the most common bacterium found in human actinomycosis infections. Other types of bacteria, such as Actinomyces viscous, can also be found in even less often.
Actinomyces are part of the normal flora. In order to cause disease in humans, there is a need for damage to the mucous membranes and tissues of the body that is weak or dead, so that the bacteria can invade the inner structure of the body. It is a polymicrobial disease, meaning that many microbes are involved to cause illness, which can range from 5 to 10 types of bacteria.
After infection occurs, the sufferer's body will give an intense inflammatory reaction and can be followed by fibrosis. Generally, infections will spread and invade the tissues or organs around. This process of infection can create a drainage pathway (fistula). In this disease, the bloodline (Hematogen) spread can occur at any stage of the infection, meanwhile, distribution through the lymph tissues is rare.
Diagnosis of Actinomycosis
It is difficult to boil only based on clinical symptoms. Therefore, it is generally necessary to support examination. Diagnosis is done by conducting the culture of organisms. Samples are commonly obtained from biopsy, needle aspiration, or the pus of a drainage pathway. Culture can take 2 – 3 weeks.
An early examination can be done by examining the pus under the microscope to see the characteristics of Actinomyces bacteria and the description of inflammation. Inspection with imaging, such as X-rays or CT-scans, can help show a glimpse of the time or lump in the body.
Symptoms of Actinomycosis
The symptoms depend on the part of the affected body acidosis, namely:
- Actinomycosis Serviko-Facial
> There is a history of tooth manipulation or trauma in the mouth area, have poor dental hygiene and mouth.
> There are no painful lumps or only sometimes pain in the submandibular and Perimandibula areas. These bumps can increase in number and size. In the early stages usually, lumps are soft but become hard as time goes.
> The lump is long, can remove the granule containing the pus.
> Change of skin color to reddish or bluish on the affected area.
> Trouble Chew.
- Actinomycosis Torakal
> Aspiration history (risk factors are seizures, alcohol abuse, and poor dental and oral health).
> Dry or phlegm cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, sometimes out sputum accompanied by blood (cough blood).
- Abdominal actinomycosis
> The history of surgery on the stomach swallowed foreign bodies (e.g. fish bones or chickens), and so on.
> The appearance of nonspecific symptoms, such as fever with low temperature, weight loss, weakness/fatigue, changes in the pattern of the CHAPTER, nausea, and vomiting, faint abdominal pain, the presence of lumps (most often in the lower right area).
- Luteinomicosis Pelvic
> The old IUD's usage history (if using IUD, note the time to remove the IUD). Generally in the case of pelvic acidosis associated with the use of IUD, the use of this contraceptive device averaged for 8 years.
> The presence of pain in the lower abdomen area, vaginal bleeding or vaginal discharge.
> Other symptoms can be similar to the symptoms of abdominal actinomycosis.
Treatment of Actinomycosis
In most cases, treatment with antibiotics is sufficient to treat cases of actinomycosis. The type of antibiotic option is Penicillin g. Treatment requires long periods, so patients need to remain routine control and consume antibiotics even though it has felt improved.
In some cases, surgery is also necessary to remove infected tissues (e.g. abscesses on the inside of the body).